Mu buhanga gakondo bw’abanyarwanda baravuga ngo “rubanda ntiruheranwa”. Hashize imyaka 30 FPR-Inkotanyi, umutwe w’inyeshyamba wateye u Rwanda uturutse mu ngabo za Uganda tariki 1 Ukwakira 1990, iyoboye u Rwanda nk’intare mu mukenke. Iyi FPR kandi mu migambi yayo yakomeje guterwa inkunga n’amahanga. Mu gihe yakomezaga kwitiranya intsinzi n’amahano, yaje gushyekerwa nk’aho yahinduye umuvuno ngo yunamure icumu ikwirakwiza amabi yayo mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari kose. Ingaruka zavuye muri ibi ni miliyoni 12 z’abantu bamaze kwicwa mu bihugu byo mu biyaga bigali kuva aho u Rwanda ruyobowe na Paul Kagame rutereye igihugu cya Kongo muli 1996.
Igihe rero kirageze ngo amahanga yose amenye neza amabi n’amabihe FPR ikoresha kugirango ihoze ku ngoyi imbaga y’abanyarwanda. MRD, nka muvoma ya politiki itavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi buriho kandi igendera ku mahame ya demukarasi, ije gushyira ahagaragara no kurwanya inkingi ruvumwa zikurikira ari zo ingoma ya FPR Inkotanyi ishingiyeho, bityo ikabona guhuriza hamwe abanyarwanda bazahajwe na FPR, ikabohora abanyarwanda ngo babe umuryango wigenga kandi ugendera ku ndangagaciro zihamye.
Reka dusesengure izi nkingi 3 ubutegetsi bwa FPR bushingiyeho mu Rwanda arizo: IKINYOMA (A), AMACAKUBIRI (B) N’ITERABWOBA (C).
A. IKINYOMA
Mu mitekerereze no mu migirire ya Pawulo Kagame, umunyagitugu uyobora u Rwanda kuva muli 1994 ndetse no mu myumvire y’abambali be, ukuli kuri ugutatu :
– Ukuli kwa Leta, kubwirwa kandi kugacengezwa ubutitsa mu baturage n’iyo byaba ari ikinyoma.
– Ukuli kubwirwa “abazungu” ari ko kwerekwa abayobozi bakuru b’ibihugu, imiryango mpuzamahanga n’abanyemali bayobora ibigo byigenga.
– Ukuli nyakuli kuzwi n’abantu bake b’ibyegera bya Paul Kagame.
Ibyiciro bibiri bya mbere, ni ukuvuga ibyo bereka bakanemeza abanyarwanda n’ibyo bereka abanyamahanga cyane cyane abazungu, byuzuyemo amanyanga n’amacenga, ni ikinyoma cya leta, bikaba bishyigikirwa n’abafatanyacyaha ba Leta ya FPR, abenshi bakaba baraguzwe mu buryo ubu cyangwa buriya. Mu mayeri menshi akoreshwa harimo:
– “Itekinika” iri ni ijambo ryazanywe na FPR risobanura ikinyoma cyacuzwe gihishe ukuli nyako muri za raporo no mu mibare itangazwa.
Ingero ni nyinshi : muli 2006, Leta ya FPR mu rwego rwo kwihimura ku Ubufaransa nyuma y’uko umucamanza ukurikirana ibyaha by’iterabwoba Yohani Ludoviko Brugiyeri ashyiriye ahagaragara raporo ku ihanurwa ry’indege ryo kuli 06 Mata 1994, yashyizeho komisiyo Mutsinzi maze mu buryo budatunguranye iyo komisiyo ihamya ko iyo ndege yari itwaye ba Perezida Juvenali Habyarimana na Sipiriyano Ntaryamira yahanuwe n’ibyegera bya Habyarimana, inemeza ko Pawulo Kagame ari igihangange cyahagaritse jenoside, kandi mu by’ukuli ari we wahanuye indege akanatangiza jenoside y’abanyarwanda.
Ni muri ubwo buryo kandi hanashyizweho komisiyo yiswe iya Mucyo ku ruhare Abafransa baba baragize muri jenoside yabaye mu Rwanda. Nta gitangaza kirimo kuba komisiyo Mucyo yarasohoye raporo ishinja mu buryo bw’ibinyoma Ubufransa. Nyamara Ubufransa nicyo gihugu cyonyine, kibyemerewe n’Inama ishinzwe amahoro ya LONI, cyaje gutabara abanyarwanda mu cyiswe Operasiyo Turukwaze yashyizeho icyanya kitarangwamo imirwano aho abantu, baba abahutu cyangwa abatutsi, barokokeye ubwicanyi bwaba ubw’inkotanyi bwaba ubw’interahamwe.
Na none ni mu gukoresha itekinika ry’imibare ipfuye ubutegetsi bwa Kagame bwerekana ko igihugu cyateye imbere mu majyambere nyamara abaturage b’u Rwanda bakaba bugarijwe n’ubukene, inzara n’ibirwara.
– Kugoreka amateka
FPR igoreka amateka ikayerekeza mu biyifitiye inyungu nko kwitiranya nkana ibintu. Abicanyi ruharwa bakerekanwa nk’intwali, inzirakarengane zikerekanwa nk’abicanyi. Igitugu gikabije abanyarwanda bashyirwaho gituma bicecekera bakubahiriza amategeko bahawe. Abayobozi baheraho rero bahimba ibinyoma bishyira aheza abicanyi ruharwa gusa kuko batsinze urugamba, naho abahutu n’abatutsi bari babanye neza ku ngoma ya Habyarimana bagahindanywa ndetse bakamburwa ubumuntu.
Ni muri ubwo buryo amatsinda y’abacurabwenge yashyizweho kugirango ahimbahimbe ama raporo yuzuye ibinyoma. Banditse ibitabo by’imfashanyigisho by’abanyeshuli bitanga amasomo acuramye ku mateka y’u Rwanda. Bityo abana b’u Rwanda bakigishwa ko Revolusiyo ya Rubanda yo muli 1959 ari ubwicanyi abajenosideri b’abahutu bakoreye abatutsi ngo babifashijwemo na Kiliziya gatolika n’ubutegetsi bw’abakoloni b’ababiligi kandi iyo Revolusiyo ari yo yatumye u Rwanda rwigobotora ingoma ya cyami na gihake hakimikwa ubutegetsi bwa Repubulika, iyo Revolusiyo kandi yafashije abana b’u Rwanda kuva mu busumbane bakagera mu buringanire n’amahirwe angana ku byiza igihugu gitanga ku bana bacyo.
Ikindi kandi, mu buryo umuntu atabasha no kwiyumvisha, abambali b’ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda, mu kinyoma gikaze ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bageze n’aho bemeza ku mugaragaro LONI n’imiryango mpuzamahanga uburyo bagomba gusobanura amateka ya jenoside. Biteye agahinda kubona HCR yemeza, guhera muri 2004, ko u Rwanda ari igihugu gitekanye kandi cyiza, nyuma y’imyaka 10 gusa jenoside ibaye, bagakuraho ubuhungiro ku banyarwanda bose nyamara birengagije ukuli.
Urundi rugero rukoreshwamo “itekinika” rwerekana ko ibintu ari ukuli kandi ari ikinyoma ni mu mibare na za raporo bitangwa mu rwego rwo gusaba inkunga no gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga. Kugira ngo babashe kwemeza abaterankunga babo, bategura inyigo zagoretswe mbere zigahabwa n’ibisubizo mbere yo kubaza abaturage. Nyuma bamara gufatisha umuterankunga agasohora imali, maze amafaranga akikoresherezwa mu bindi bitanafite aho bihuriye n’ibyagenwe mu nyigo y’umushinga. Imfashanyo nyinshi ziba zatanzwe mu bikorwa by’iterambere, igice kinini kirarigiswa cyangwa kigakoreshwa mu bikorwa bya gisilikare n’izindi nyungu bwite za bamwe, ikindi kigakoreshwa mu bikorwa by’urugomo nko guhiga no kwica abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi ndetse no mu ntambara zihoraho.
– Iyozabwonko :
FPR ifite umugambi wo gukusanya urubyiruko rw’abanyarwanda bakarufungiranira mu bigo byateguwe kugirango babakwizemo ibitekerezo bashaka, cyane cyane by’amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko no kubagira nka za robo bababeshyako ngo barimo kubaha uburere mboneragihugu.
Mu by’ukuli, urubyiruko rujya muri ibyo biganiro akenshi ku bw’agahato no mubyo bita ingando bavamo barangiritse, bafite ingengabitekerezo ya FPR inkotanyi gusa. Ni urwo rubyiruko rwapakiwemo ibyo bitekerezo rutoranywamo abigishwa kwica, aboherezwa ku isi yose guhiga impunzi, bazitega imitego harimo no gutanga uburozi bwiswe utuzi twa Munyuza, hakaba no guhotora abantu mu buryo bunyuranye. Abamaze kuhagwa ni benshi.
B. AMACAKUBIRI
Ubutegetsi bwa FPR bwazobereye mu kurema amacakubili mu buryo butandukanye bugateranya abantu kugirango bubone uko bubakoresha ibyo bushaka. Bukoresha uburyo bwakoreshwaga mu binyejana bya kera nko mu Baromani bavugaga ngo : “Niba ushaka kuyobora abantu bikoroheye, banza ubaryanishe” (Divide ut imperat: Diviser pour regner).
Twibukiranye ko no kuva mu ntangiriro y’intambara yatangiye ku ya 1 Ukwakira 1990 ndetse no mu gihe cyose iyo ntambara yamaze, ingengabitekerezo za FPR zarakoze cyane. Izo ngengabitekerezo ahanini zavugaga ko abatutsi bo mu Rwanda babujijwe uburenganzira bwose nk’abaturage basanzwe, ko babujijwe amahwemo bagashyirwa inyuma nk’ikoti. Izo ngengabitekerezo ni nazo n’ubu bakoresheje mu gushinga umutwe w’iterabwoba M23 kugirango babone uko basobanura intambara bashoje mu burasirazuba bwa Congo bavugako iyo M23 ije kurengera abatutsi bo muri Congo.
Mu makuba y’abaturage ba Congo y’iburasirazuba, intambara zose ziba hariya zagiye zicurirwa i Kigali. Turibuka intambara zamaze abantu hagati y’abitwa aba HEMA n’aba LENDU kuva mu 1993 n’izindi ntambara zabayeho zagiye zivuka mu ba Mayi-Mayi hagati yabo cyangwa hagati y’imitwe y’aba Mayi-Mayi n’abandi baturage ba Congo. Turibuka neza ubwicanyi bwakozwe n’aba Mayi-Mayi-Nduma.
Mu Rwanda by’umwihariko, FPR-Inkotanyi bategeka nk’abatware batavugirwamo, bimakaje umwiryane mu muryango nyarwanda kandi mu nzego zose. Bimakaje ibitandukanya abantu ndetse banabyaza umusaruro ibyago byagwiriye abanyarwanda mu mugambi wo gukomeza guhembera umuriro ukomoka ku mateka mabi y’abanyarwanda.
Ibi rero babikoresha nk’iturufu ituma baguma kwiharira ubutegetsi. Bityo Paul Kagame yigize umucunguzi udakorwaho w’igice kimwe cy’abanyarwanda bamufata nk’uwaje kuzimya uwo muriro ndetse na bamwe bo mu Muryango Mpuzamahanga bakabyumva muri ubu buryo.
Reka muri make tunyure muri imwe mu mitego ubutegetsi bwa FPR – Inkotanyi bwateze umuryango nyarwanda, iyo mitego ikaba ari yo MRD yahagurukiye kurandurira mu mizi:
– Intandaro ya jenoside n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo:
Mu minsi ishize umwe mu bacurabwenge bakomeye ba FPR ariwe Tito RUTAREMARA yasohoye amagambo rutwitsi avugako mu burere abana b’abahutu bahabwaga bigishwaga kwanga abatutsi bigafata umwanya w’ibanze ngo aho “babyigishirizwaga ku ishyiga” bivuze byinshi mu kinyarwanda. Amagambo nkaya nta kuri kurimo kandi yifitemo imigambi mibi myinshi. Ku bw’amahirwe hahise hasohoka amajwi menshi anyuranye, amajwi ava mu bahutu ndetse no mu batutsi aza anyomoza kandi yamagana izo nyigisho zuzuye ubumara, ; bene izi nyigisho zibangamiye ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda.
Paul Kagame nawe ubwe, mu mbwirwaruhame yagejeje ku rubyiruko rusaga 1000 rufite mu myaka nka 19 hari ku itariki 30 Kamena 2013, yavuzeko “Abana b’abahutu bagomba gusaba imbabazi ku cyaha cya jenoside cyakozwe mu izina ryabo kigakorwa n’ababyeyi babo”. Aha turumvako ingengabitekerezo ya FPR-Inkotanyi ari iyo guhembera no gukwirakwiza inzangano. Bityo bikaba byatuma ibyago bishobora kongera gukurura amakuba akomeye mu muryango Nyarwanda.
Mu by’ukuli, ubutegetsi bwimakaje uburyo bwo kubona ibintu mu ndorerwamu y’ibice bibili mu banyarwanda ibice bitandukanye kandi bihanganye: uruhande rumwe hari ABEZA- Abatutsi ku rundi ruhande hakaba ABABI-Abahutu. Ibi rero ntabwo byafasha umubano mwiza kuko muri ubu buryo bw’imitekerereze, kuba umuhutu ubwabyo ni ikibazo gikomeye. Ibi biteye impungenge ku mahoro arambye mu muryango nyarwanda.
– Kwimakaza ubwibone bwa bamwe
Ubu bwibone bwimakajwe ku rwego rwo hejuru n’ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda bw’iki gihe. Abantu bazobereye mu kwitegereza ibintu bemeza badashidikanya ko inkingi zose zigize igihugu, haba mu butegetsi, mu bukungu n’izindi nzego biri mu maboko y’ubwoko bumwe bw’abatutsi.
N’ubwo ubutegetsi bwihutiye gukuraho iyandikwa ry’ubwoko mu irangamuntu, abashishoza bemeranyako imyanya yose ikomeye mu gihugu, imyanya yose iteza umuntu imbere itangwa hagendewe ku ivanguramoko. Ubushakashatsi bwimbitse mu kugabana imyanya y’ubuyobozi, mu ngabo z’igihugu, mu gipolisi, mu bahagarariye igihugu mu mahanga, mu bigo bikomeye byigenga n’ibitegamiye kuri leta nk’amadini n’amatorero, byerekanako byose ko biri mu maboko y’abatutsi, cyane cyane abavuye mu Bugande, abahutu bo bakaba abo mu rwego rwo hasi n’ubonye umwanya biba ari nko gukinga abantu mu maso nta bubasha aba afite bujyanye n’uwo mwanya.
C. ITERABWOBA
Umusingi ukomeye w’ubutegetsi bwa FPR-Inkotanyi ni ubwoba yabashije kubiba mu mitima y’abanyarwanda. Mu bindi bihugu tubona abantu bigaragambya, bakivumbagatanya, bagakoresha n’ubundi buryo bwerekana ibitabanogeye, tubona ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi n’ibindi…Ibi byose ni nkaho bidashoboka mu Rwanda rwa Paul Kagame. Muri make uvuze n’akantu gato anenga ubutegetsi ahanishwa kwicwa, kuburirwa irengero cyangwa gufungwa. Mu itotezwa, abanyarwanda bahitamo kuruca bakarumira bagakurikira buhumyi. Nicyo gisobanuro cy’ukuntu abaturarwanda badakoma. Nyamara mu by’ukuli uku gupfira muli Nyagasani niko gushobora kuzabyara umuriro ukomeye mu bihe bizaza.
Mu mahano yose FPR yakoze, igikorwa cy’iterabwoba cyo guhanura indege yari itwaye abakuru b’ibihugu by’u Rwanda n’u Burundi cyabaye kuya 6 Mata 1994 nicyo gikorwa cya kinyamaswa cyabayeho. Ikibabaje ni uko hari harangiye gahunda yo kwagarura amahoro yari yarahungabanye kuva aho intambara itangiriye ku ya 1 Ukwakira 1990. Abanyarwanda bari bamaze kumvikana mu maso y’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga, bagabana ubutegetsi.
N’ubwo Pawulo Kagame yakomeje guhakana, uruhare rwe muri icyo gikorwa cy’iterabwoba ntirushidikanywaho. Cyane cyane ko abamushinja icyo gikorwa cyabaye nk’imperuka ari abahoze ari ibyegera bye, bakaba bari kumwe nawe cyangwa hafi ye muri iryo joro ryo kuwa 6 Mata 1994. Abo ni nka Jenerali KAYUMBA Nyamwasa, Dr Theogene RUDASINGWA, James MUNYANDINDA, Aloys RUYENZI na Abdul RUZUBIZA, uyu we igitabo yanditse : “Rwanda, une histoire secrète ” (Rwanda, ibinga rihishwe) cyakiriwe nka gihamya simusiga mu Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda icyumba cyarwo cya 2.
Iki gikorwa cya kinyamaswa nicyo cyateje amakuba ya jenoside.
Ku murongo wa kabiri twavuga ko nyuma y’uko indege yari itwaye Yuvenali Habyarimana ihanuwe n’ibisasu bya misile, ingabo za Kagame zashyize mu bikorwa icyo zise “Punguza wajinga” (gabanya imburamumaro) bisobanura kurimbura abahutu na bamwe mu batutsi babaga mu Rwanda uhereye ku ntiti n’abayobozi. Tunibutseko ibi bari barabitangiye mu 1990 mu duce bari barigaruriye.
Umushakashatsi Gersonny woherejwe na LONI gutohoza yerekanyeko nyuma y’ukwezi kumwe gusa FPR imaze gufata igihugu hari hamaze kwicwa abantu barenga ibihumbi 30. Iri tsembatsemba ryarakomeje kuko hari video igaragaza perezida Pawulo Kagame ubwe yigamba ko yari agiye kwica guverinoma yose yari iyobowe na Twagiramungu Faustin, abitewe gusa n’uko uwari Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu Seth Sendashonga yari abajije ikibazo cy’abaturage bakomeza kwicwa n’ingabo za Pawulo Kagame. Uyu nawe yaje kwicwa arashwe na FPR i Nairobi muli 1998.
Iyo gahunda ya punguza wajinga mu by’ukuli ni jenoside yakorerwaga abanyarwanda bo mu bwoko bw’abahutu kandi n’ubu iracyakomeza.
Turibuka kandi imbwirwaruhame ya Pawulo Kagame i Nyabihu aho yatangaje ko utavuga rumwe nawe wese “azamurasa ku manywa y’ihangu.” Mu by’ukuli amagambo nk’aya ntakwiye umukuru w’igihugu. Iyi mbwirwaruhame yumvikanye nk’iyibutsa ikanashishikaza ingabo ze gukoresha imbaraga z’umurengera batitangiriye. Mu kinyarwanda baravuga ngo “irivuze umwami”,
Kuva icyo gihe ubwicanyi budakurikije amategeko bwariyongereye cyane. Ibyo bigaragazwa na za raporo zikorwa n’imiryango mpuzamahanga nka Human Right Whatch na Amnesty International ku isonga, badahwema gushinja ubutegetsi bwa Kagame impfu za hato na hato.
Ntitwakwibagirwa iyicarubozo rikorerwa abantu mu byo bita “Inzu zitekanye” (safe houses) kenshi zitazwi zikaba ari amabagiro y’abantu, aho abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, abanyamakuru n’abavugira rubanda bose bahora bakorerwa iyicarubozo abenshi muli bo bakanahagwa. Aha twatanga urugero rw’ibyo Paul Rusesebagina aherutse kugeza ku Nteko Nshingamategeko y’Ubwongereza.
Iryo terabwoba rya FPR-Inkotanyi ni naryo riyifasha kwigwizaho imitungo ihindukira igakoresha muri ibyo bikorwa bya kinyamaswa. Iyo mitungo FPR iyikura cyane cyane mu nzira 3:
– Kunyaga imitungo y’abaturage b’u Rwanda
Amategeko ahora atorwa yo gukomeza gucucura abanyarwanda. Abaturage bagomba gukomeza guha leta imali n’ubwo baba bakenye cyangwa barwaye. Imisoro, amahooro, amande, imisanzu, n’andi mafranga y’ubwoko bwose…umuturage w’u Rwanda nta kindi akora uretse guhora yishyura Leta, kandi akabikora ari ukwigura kubera agaharo.
– Gusahura imitungo kamere ya RDC
Nk’uko bigaragazwa n’impuguke za LONU mu maraporo zakoze, Kigali yabashije kurundanya imali itabarika yakuye mu busahuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu gihugu cy’abaturanyi cya RDC. Igiteye impungenge kandi ni uko kwiba uwo mutungo wa Congo byoroshywa no kwica abaturage b’icyo gihugu. Ubu amahanga yose yemezako miliyoni 12 zimaze kwicwa muri icyo gikorwa cyo kwiba umutungo kamera mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo, hakiyongeraho n’ibihumbi amagana by’abagore bakorewe ibya mfura mbi.
– Imfashanyo y’iterambere inyerezwa
Kigali ikomeza kwaka imfashanyo n’inguzanyo mu bihugu by’uburayi na Amerika babashyiraho igitutu ngo nibatayibaha bazabarega ubufatanyacyaha na guverinoma ya Habyarimana no kuba ngo nta n’icyo bakoze ngo bahagarike jenoside yakorewe abatutsi.
IBYO MRD ISABA BURI WESE :
1. Urubyiruko rw’u Rwanda
Igihugu ni icyanyu rubyiruko. Ni igihugu cy’abasekuruza banyu. Ntawe ufite uburenganzira bwo kukibanyaga. Nimuhaguruke nk’umuntu umwe musabeko ibintu bihinduka.
2. Abaturage b’u Rwanda
Mwikwemera kubeshywa no guhungabanywa ku nyungu z’abantu bake cyane. Nimufate inshingano zanyu mu maboko yanyu. Nimwange ibyo mubeshywa, nimurwanire ubwisanzure bwanyu.
3. Abakuru b’ibihugu duturanye
Abaturage b’u Rwanda barabashimira byinshi mukora ngo amahoro agaruke mu karere kacu. Nimwongere umurego, mwange ko u Rwanda ruba uburozi buhumanya ku baturage banyu kuko ari abavandimwe bacu.
4. Ibitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga
Ikinyoma cya Leta ya Kigali cyakomeje guhabwa intebe. Nimwongere umwete n’ubushishozi kugirango mwamagane igisa n’ukuli nyamara ari ibinyoma bya Leta ya Kigali. Iki kinyoma kikaba gikomeje gushyira mu kaga ahazaza h’abanyarwanda by’umwihariko ndetse n’abaturage b’akarere dutuyemo muri rusange.
5. Abafata ibyemezo mu Muryango Mpuzamahanga
Abaturage b’u Rwanda babategerejeho kubatega amatwi, ubwisungane n’ubutabazi. Barabasaba kandi kubaherekeza mu isafari yo guhindura ubutegetsi bubabangamiye bagashyiraho ubutegetsi bubanogeye.
Washington D.C
11 Werurwe, 2024
Ubunyamabanga Bukuru bwa MRD
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